Ruy Lopez Opening – Explained
Overview:
The Ruy Lopez, also known as the Spanish Opening, is one of the most respected and widely played
openings in chess history. It is named after the Spanish priest Ruy López de Segura, who analyzed it in the 16th century.
The idea behind this opening is to develop pieces actively, control
the center, and prepare for a strong attack.
Main Line – Classical Ruy Lopez
Moves:
1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bb5
With 3. Bb5, White pins the knight
on c6, indirectly putting pressure on Black’s center (especially the e5 pawn).
🔹 Basic Strategy:
White aims for central control and kingside development.
White will typically castle early and prepare d2-d4 to expand in the center.
Black has several ways to respond, leading to different sub-variations.
Steinitz Defense (Old Defense) – Passive But Solid
Moves:
- e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bb5 d6
Instead of challenging White immediately, Black defends the e5 pawn with d6.
🔹 Basic Strategy:
This is a solid but passive defense.
White can gain space with d4 in the future.
Black often develops with Be7 and Nf6 before casting.
Morphy Defense – The Most Popular Response
Moves:
1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bb5 a6
Black immediately questions the bishop on b5 by attacking it with a6.
Options for White:
Ba4 – The main move, keeping the pressure on the knight.
Bxc6 – White can capture the knight, leading to a different pawn structure.
🔹 Why Play Morphy Defense?
Prevents White’s immediate d4 push.
Prepares b5 and Bb7 for better piece development.
Used in top-level games and is the most played variation.
Final Thoughts
The Ruy Lopez is one of the best openings for learning classical chess principles.
If Black plays well, it can be hard to break through, but White maintains a small strategic edge.
The Morphy Defense is the most played response, and most games continue with Ba4, Nf6, and then castling kingside.